Today has seen significant media interest in the issue of the arrival of Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Children (UASC) in Kent and its implications for the County Council. I gave an interview to Radio Kent on the subject this morning (shortly after 0745 on catchup), and BBC South East is also following the story and has interviewed me (for later broadcast).
The arrival of UASC in Kent, often at the port of Dover, has long been a challenge for KCC. While adult asylum seekers go to other parts of the country under a long-standing dispersal scheme, UASC become children in the care of the County Council.
KCC has a long and proud record of support for these young people (chiefly boys aged between 15 and 17), and responded strongly and effectively to the large-scale arrivals in 2015. However, there has always been a concern that, if the number of arrivals grows too quickly, this will put pressure on the support systems (social work capacity, accommodation) in a county which also has some 1450 local children in care and a similar number of children in the care of other authorities placed in Kent. In addition, government financial support has seldom been adequate and KCC has faced an annual funding gap averaging around £2million but sometimes as high as £4.5m. The problem has continued, often in slightly varying form, despite huge efforts by KCC Members (including me in my previous Cabinet role in Children's Services) and officers.
What has added urgency to the issue is a combination of increasing numbers and the effects of Covid-19. Arrivals have been increasing sharply since the middle of last year, and so far in 2020 160 young people have come into the care of KCC. That is not far short of the full year totals in 2017 (214) and 2018 (172) and is now running at a rate not seen since 2015-16.
Thes newly arriving young people are staying in Kent. The National Transfer Scheme (NTS), set up by government (but on a voluntary basis) in the wake of the 2015 crisis in an attempt to place UASC young people across a wider range of local authorities, had initial success but then dried up. Kent has not placed a child with another authority under NTS since the spring of 2018. At the turn of the year, along with counterparts in Portsmouth, Cabinet Member Sue Chandler and I wrote to other authorities urging them to take more UASC young people.
When the NTS was set up, government set a UASC level of 0.07% of the total young people's population before transfers to other authorities were required. For Kent, this amounted to 231 UASC. Two years ago our UASC population was almost exactly at that level, and even in the spring of 2019 only a little higher; now, however, it stands at 469. In addition, there are 932 care leavers (young people aged 18-25) with a UASC background for whom KCC has continuing responsibilities (as is the case for all care leavers of whatever background).
All this has financial consequences. Last year, the Home Office raised the rates for support for under 18 UASC, and in that financial year our funding gap was a relatively small £600K. Now, however, the effects of Covid-19 and its social distancing requirements have meant that KCC has had to expand significantly its reception centre capacity (going from one centre to three, and facing pressures to increase capacity further) and to run it on a more expensive, less cost effective basis. There is a lack of availability of suitable properties to provide lower-cost options for housing the young people. This has meant around £200K in additional costs already incurred, and future commitments of almost £700K. In addition, the increase in the number of young people in care means growing pressure on the council's social work and support capacity.
Longer-term, care leavers present a greater financial challenge to the County Council; government funding to match the council's responsibilities is inadequate and care leavers accounted for more than the net overspend of £600K in 2019-20. A Care Leaver Review has been under way for several years but has still not reached a conclusion.
KCC is now urging action in three areas: recognition of the increased costs associated with the combination of increased arrivals with the effects of Covid-19; resolution of the issues addressed by the Care Leaver Review; and ensuring that other authorities take more young people, whether under a revived NTS or a more directive approach. None of this can wait.
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